Information Technology

Now, in range of time almost one decade, technological of GSM have mastered market with amount of customer / client more than the amount of customer / client of telephone remain to. In Indonesia, business liberalisms of cellular started since year 1995, governmental moment start opening opportunity to private sector for have business phone cellular by competition full. Can be paid attention, how when technology of GSM (global of mobile for system) come and replace technology of cellular first generation which have entered previously to Indonesia like NMT (telephone mobile nordic) and AMPS (advance of mobile system phone).

When year 1980-an, Global technology of System For Mobile Communication (GSM) come to Indonesia, hence all technological user operator of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) disappearing is. Last, emerge Satelindo as winner, what [is] later;then caught up by Telkomsel. And technological in the end GSM more pre-eminent and growth of mushroom basin in the rains, this because of higher network capacities, because efficiency in frequency spectrum from at technology of NMT and of AMPS.

Technological application

There are some technology without cable for the technology of this cellular, among others is :

• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), using technology of spread-spectrum to circularizing information signal which passing wide bandwidth (1,25 MHZ). Technological this come from him made by for the sake of military, using unique digital code, better than frequency or channel of RF.

• AMPS (Advanced Car of Phone Service) representing analogous technology which use FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) to assort available radio bandwidth to at a number of district channel which remain to. With AMPS, bandwidth 1,25 MHZ given for the usage of cellular divided to become channel widely 30 KHZ, each can only serve one subscriber at one time. One subscriber access a channel hence do not other subscriber can access the channel until first call that desist or handed-off to base of station other.

• TDMA (Time Division Multiple Data), representing a digital technology, is the same as that is by assorting available spectrum to a number of district channel which remain to, though each slot time showing channel which remain to than band frequency which remain to. For example which is technological implementation of TDMA is GSM, dividing wide carriers 2300 KHZ become eight channel time-division. GSM (global system of for mobile) is technology being based on TDMA.

• UMTS (Universal of Mobile Telecommunication Access) representing is wrong of third generation system which developed in Europe. Designed so that can provide bandwidth equal to 2 Mbits / s. Service able to be given by UMTS strived can fulfill request of user anywhere reside in, its meaning of UMTS expected can serve area which for the width of possible, if there no UMTS cell at one particular area earn in route pass satellite. Radio Frequency which is allocation for UMTS is 1885-2025 MHZ and 2110-2200 MHZ. Ribbon the will be used by small cell (pico cell) so that can give capacities big at UMTS.

Technological of CDMA

Technological of CDMA the design is not sensitive to interference. Despitefully, a number of customer / client

in one cell can access frequency spectrum ribbon concurrently because utilizing code technique which cannot be conducted by at technology of GSM. Higher level Capacities to overcome the more call which is simulate per channel compared to existing system. System of CDMA offer the make-up of capacities exceed system Analogous AMPS as good as other digital cellular technology. CDMA yield a scheme of spread spectrum what at random provide bandwidth 1.250 KHZ which available to caller 9600 beet bps of rate.

improving security call.

Security become the nature of from approach of CDMA spectrum spread, and its this technological woke up first to provide peaceful communications to military. Reducing and noise of interference other. CDMA boost up ratio of signal-to-noise, because width of bandwidth which available to message. Energy Efficiency by lengthening energy live telephone battery One of the characteristic of CDMA is control power a effort to enlarge capacities call with constant maintaining of accepted energy level of caller peripatetic at base of station. facility of coordination entire / all frequency pass base base-station of station.

System of CDMA provide hand-off soft from one base-station to other as a peripatetic telephone roaming of cell to cell, conducting handoff soft remember all systems using is same frequency. function of Spread-Spectrum and of power-control enlarging capacities call CDMA resulting bandwidth which last for all kinds of data service of multimedia, and scheme of soft hand-off guarantee do not the loss of data.

• Improving the quality of voice

• Improve coverage characteristic able to degrade the amount of cell

• Improving and privacy of security

• Making moderate planning of systems

• Needing lower remittance, so that time speak phone cell earn longer

• Lessening interference at other systems

• More hold up to multipart

• Can be operated at the same time with other technology (for example AMPS)

Elementary difference of technology of GSM and of CDMA

Elementary difference of technology of CDMA is its modulation system. Modulation of CDMA representing combination of FDMA (Frequency of Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). At technology of FDMA, 1 frequency canal serve 1 circuit at one time, while at TDMA, 1 frequency canal wearied by some consumer by slot different time. At CDMA some consumer can serve when at the same time and is same frequency, where differentiation one other is on system of coding, so that usage its frequency spectrum of technology of CDMA very efficient.

Excess which on the market CDMA for example quality of data and voice, tariff or price which is cheaper, smaller investment, and security in communicating (do not easy to tapped). Technology of GSM with its GPRS is competed with content at CDMA because limitation will be wide of application and data of multimedia at technology of GSM.

Category of graphical design

Marginally, differentiated graphical design to become some category :

1. Printing : loading book design, magazine, poster, booklet, leaflet, flyer, pamphlet, advertisement, and other publication which of a kind.

2. Web design : design for the page of web

3. Film : including CD, DVD, CD Multimedia for promotion.

4. Identify (Logo), EGD (Environmental Graphic Design) : representing professional design which include cover graphical design, architect design, industrial design, and garden architect.

5. Product Design : Package and of a kind.

Program processor of graphical

1. Application processor arrange situation (layout)

- Adobe FrameMaker

- Adobe In Design

- Adobe PageMaker

- Corel Ventura

- Microsoft Publisher

- Quark Xpress

2. Application processor of vector / line

- Adobe Illustrator

- Beneba Canvas

- CorelDraw

- Macromedia Freehand

- Metacreations Expression

- Micrografx Designer

3. Application processor of pixel / picture

- Adobe Photoshop

- Corel Photo Paint

- Macromedia Xres

- Metacreations Painter

- Metacreations Live Picture

- Micrografx Picture Publisher

- Microsoft Photo Editor

- QFX

- Wright Image

4. Application processor of film / video

- Adobe After Effect

- Power Director

- Show Biz DVD

- Ulead Video Studio

- Element Premier

- Easy Media Creator

- Pinnacle Studio Plus

- WinDVD Creater

- Nero Ultra Edition

5. Application processor of multimedia

- Macromedia

- Macromedia Authorware

- Macromedia Director

- Macromedia Flash

- Multimedia Builder

- Ezedia

- Hyper Studio

- Ovation Studio Pro

- Macromedia Director

- Macromedia Flash

- Multimedia Builder

- Ezedia

- Hyper Studio

- Ovation Studio Pro

1. Type Data

Java have data type able to be categorized to become two group, that is primitive data type and reference.

1. Primitive Type Data

Eight kinds of primitive data type in programming of Java, that is :

• Integer (Integer )

Integer represent data type of numeric used if do not deal with number or fraction denary. Integer number usually use int, and non byte, and also short of long. Integer number also recognize positive value and negativity (number signed). Data type of byte and of short only used at special application which pay attention usage of memory. While long seldom be used by because seldom need number equal to capacities of long.

• Floating Point (Number Fraction)

Floating Point used to handle number denary or more calculation of detail compared to integer.

• Char

Char is single character which defined with early and terminated with sign ‘ (pluck single). Char differ with String, because String not such a primitive data type, but have represented a object. type of Char follow order Unicode, so that can use code / u is then followed number from 0 until 65535, but which commonly use is number of hexadecimal from 0000 until FFFF.

• Boolean

In Java recognized by data type of Boolean which consist of two value just, that is and true of false. Boolean of vital importance in evaluating an condition and is often used to determine program path.

2. Type Data Reference

Excess of programming orient object is can define new data type which represent object of certain class. this Data type is used for the reference of or object of class certain, like String.

2. Variable

Variable represent container used for save an value at a program with certain type. To define variable, we earn to use identifier to name the variable.

1. Identifier

Identifier is character corps able to be used to naming variable, method, class, interface, and package. As language of program in general, Java have regulation for valid or valid identifier. Identifier can be referred as valid or valid if early with :

• Letter / alphabet
• Currency character
• Underscore (_)

Identifier can consist of :

• Letter / alphabet
• Number
• Underscore (_)

Identifier may not contain @, space or early with number. Besides, identifier may not use or keyword of words owning meaning or used in programming of Java. Lists keyword java :

• Abstract
• Double
• Int
• strictfp
• Boolean
• Flse
• Static
• super
• break
• fxtends
• long
• switch
• byte
• final
• native
• synchronized
• case
• finally
• new
• this
• catch
• float
• package
• throw
• char
• for
• private
• throws
• class
• goto
• protected
• transient
• const
• if
• public
• try
• continue
• implements
• return
• void
• default
• import
• short
• volatile
• do
• instanceof
• interface
• while

Besides using ordinary character, we also can use Unicode as identifier.

2. Declaration Variable

Elementary Syntax :

[data type] [name of variable]

After variable declaration with data type, hereinafter assigning value the variable with sign =. Earn also declaration and assign value in a line. We earn to make variable become constant which cannot be altered by its value by enhancing keyword before data type of variable. So that this constant can be accessed by other class without having to making object beforehand, hence we earn to enhance modifier and public of keyword static.