Technological History of mobile In Indonesia, business liberalisms of cellular started since year 1995, governmental moment start opening opportunity to private sector for have business to phone cellular by competition full. Can be paid attention, how when technology of GSM (global mobile for system) come and replace technology of cellular first generation which have entered previously to Indonesia like NMT (telephone mobile nordic) and AMPS (advance of mobile system phone). When in year 1980-an, Global technology of System For Mobile Communication (GSM) come to Indonesia, hence all technological user operator of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) disappearing is. Last, emerge Satelindo as winner, what is later caught up by Telkomsel. And technological in the end GSM more pre-eminent and growth of mushroom basin in the rains, this because of higher network capacities, because efficiency in frequency spectrum from at technology of NMT and of AMPS.
Now, in range of time almost one decade, technological of GSM have mastered market with amount of customer / client more than the amount of customer / client of telephone remain to. In Indonesia, business liberalisms of cellular started since year 1995, governmental moment start opening opportunity to private sector for have business phone cellular by competition full. Can be paid attention, how when technology of GSM (global of mobile for system) come and replace technology of cellular first generation which have entered previously to Indonesia like NMT (telephone mobile nordic) and AMPS (advance of mobile system phone).
When year 1980-an, Global technology of System For Mobile Communication (GSM) come to Indonesia, hence all technological user operator of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) disappearing is. Last, emerge Satelindo as winner, what [is] later;then caught up by Telkomsel. And technological in the end GSM more pre-eminent and growth of mushroom basin in the rains, this because of higher network capacities, because efficiency in frequency spectrum from at technology of NMT and of AMPS.
Technological application
There are some technology without cable for the technology of this cellular, among others is :
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), using technology of spread-spectrum to circularizing information signal which passing wide bandwidth (1,25 MHZ). Technological this come from him made by for the sake of military, using unique digital code, better than frequency or channel of RF.
AMPS (Advanced Car of Phone Service) representing analogous technology which use FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) to assort available radio bandwidth to at a number of district channel which remain to. With AMPS, bandwidth 1,25 MHZ given for the usage of cellular divided to become channel widely 30 KHZ, each can only serve one subscriber at one time. One subscriber access a channel hence do not other subscriber can access the channel until first call that desist or handed-off to base of station other.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Data), representing a digital technology, is the same as that is by assorting available spectrum to a number of district channel which remain to, though each slot time showing channel which remain to than band frequency which remain to. For example which is technological implementation of TDMA is GSM, dividing wide carriers 2300 KHZ become eight channel time-division. GSM (global system of for mobile) is technology being based on TDMA.
UMTS (Universal of Mobile Telecommunication Access) representing is wrong of third generation system which developed in Europe. Designed so that can provide bandwidth equal to 2 Mbits / s. Service able to be given by UMTS strived can fulfill request of user anywhere reside in, its meaning of UMTS expected can serve area which for the width of possible, if there no UMTS cell at one particular area earn in route pass satellite. Radio Frequency which is allocation for UMTS is 1885-2025 MHZ and 2110-2200 MHZ. Ribbon the will be used by small cell (pico cell) so that can give capacities big at UMTS.
Technological of CDMA
Technological of CDMA the design is not sensitive to interference. Despitefully, a number of customer / client
in one cell can access frequency spectrum ribbon concurrently because utilizing code technique which cannot be conducted by at technology of GSM. Higher level Capacities to overcome the more call which is simulate per channel compared to existing system. System of CDMA offer the make-up of capacities exceed system Analogous AMPS as good as other digital cellular technology. CDMA yield a scheme of spread spectrum what at random provide bandwidth 1.250 KHZ which available to caller 9600 beet bps of rate.
improving security call.
Security become the nature of from approach of CDMA spectrum spread, and its this technological woke up first to provide peaceful communications to military. Reducing and noise of interference other. CDMA boost up ratio of signal-to-noise, because width of bandwidth which available to message. Energy Efficiency by lengthening energy live telephone battery One of the characteristic of CDMA is control power a effort to enlarge capacities call with constant maintaining of accepted energy level of caller peripatetic at base of station. facility of coordination entire / all frequency pass base base-station of station.
System of CDMA provide hand-off soft from one base-station to other as a peripatetic telephone roaming of cell to cell, conducting handoff soft remember all systems using is same frequency. function of Spread-Spectrum and of power-control enlarging capacities call CDMA resulting bandwidth which last for all kinds of data service of multimedia, and scheme of soft hand-off guarantee do not the loss of data.
Improving the quality of voice
Improve coverage characteristic able to degrade the amount of cell
Improving and privacy of security
Making moderate planning of systems
Needing lower remittance, so that time speak phone cell earn longer
Lessening interference at other systems
More hold up to multipart
Can be operated at the same time with other technology (for example AMPS)
Elementary difference of technology of GSM and of CDMA
Elementary difference of technology of CDMA is its modulation system. Modulation of CDMA representing combination of FDMA (Frequency of Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). At technology of FDMA, 1 frequency canal serve 1 circuit at one time, while at TDMA, 1 frequency canal wearied by some consumer by slot different time. At CDMA some consumer can serve when at the same time and is same frequency, where differentiation one other is on system of coding, so that usage its frequency spectrum of technology of CDMA very efficient.
Excess which on the market CDMA for example quality of data and voice, tariff or price which is cheaper, smaller investment, and security in communicating (do not easy to tapped). Technology of GSM with its GPRS is competed with content at CDMA because limitation will be wide of application and data of multimedia at technology of GSM.
Technological History of mobile In Indonesia, business liberalisms of cellular started since year 1995, governmental moment start opening opportunity to private sector for have business to phone cellular by competition full. Can be paid attention, how when technology of GSM (global mobile for system) come and replace technology of cellular first generation which have entered previously to Indonesia like NMT (telephone mobile nordic) and AMPS (advance of mobile system phone). When in year 1980-an, Global technology of System For Mobile Communication (GSM) come to Indonesia, hence all technological user operator of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) disappearing is. Last, emerge Satelindo as winner, what is later caught up by Telkomsel. And technological in the end GSM more pre-eminent and growth of mushroom basin in the rains, this because of higher network capacities, because efficiency in frequency spectrum from at technology of NMT and of AMPS.
Now, in range of time almost one decade, technological of GSM have mastered market with amount of customer / client more than the amount of customer / client of telephone remain to. In Indonesia, business liberalisms of cellular started since year 1995, governmental moment start opening opportunity to private sector for have business phone cellular by competition full. Can be paid attention, how when technology of GSM (global of mobile for system) come and replace technology of cellular first generation which have entered previously to Indonesia like NMT (telephone mobile nordic) and AMPS (advance of mobile system phone).
When year 1980-an, Global technology of System For Mobile Communication (GSM) come to Indonesia, hence all technological user operator of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) disappearing is. Last, emerge Satelindo as winner, what [is] later;then caught up by Telkomsel. And technological in the end GSM more pre-eminent and growth of mushroom basin in the rains, this because of higher network capacities, because efficiency in frequency spectrum from at technology of NMT and of AMPS.
Technological application
There are some technology without cable for the technology of this cellular, among others is :
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), using technology of spread-spectrum to circularizing information signal which passing wide bandwidth (1,25 MHZ). Technological this come from him made by for the sake of military, using unique digital code, better than frequency or channel of RF.
AMPS (Advanced Car of Phone Service) representing analogous technology which use FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) to assort available radio bandwidth to at a number of district channel which remain to. With AMPS, bandwidth 1,25 MHZ given for the usage of cellular divided to become channel widely 30 KHZ, each can only serve one subscriber at one time. One subscriber access a channel hence do not other subscriber can access the channel until first call that desist or handed-off to base of station other.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Data), representing a digital technology, is the same as that is by assorting available spectrum to a number of district channel which remain to, though each slot time showing channel which remain to than band frequency which remain to. For example which is technological implementation of TDMA is GSM, dividing wide carriers 2300 KHZ become eight channel time-division. GSM (global system of for mobile) is technology being based on TDMA.
UMTS (Universal of Mobile Telecommunication Access) representing is wrong of third generation system which developed in Europe. Designed so that can provide bandwidth equal to 2 Mbits / s. Service able to be given by UMTS strived can fulfill request of user anywhere reside in, its meaning of UMTS expected can serve area which for the width of possible, if there no UMTS cell at one particular area earn in route pass satellite. Radio Frequency which is allocation for UMTS is 1885-2025 MHZ and 2110-2200 MHZ. Ribbon the will be used by small cell (pico cell) so that can give capacities big at UMTS.
Technological of CDMA
Technological of CDMA the design is not sensitive to interference. Despitefully, a number of customer / client
in one cell can access frequency spectrum ribbon concurrently because utilizing code technique which cannot be conducted by at technology of GSM. Higher level Capacities to overcome the more call which is simulate per channel compared to existing system. System of CDMA offer the make-up of capacities exceed system Analogous AMPS as good as other digital cellular technology. CDMA yield a scheme of spread spectrum what at random provide bandwidth 1.250 KHZ which available to caller 9600 beet bps of rate.
improving security call.
Security become the nature of from approach of CDMA spectrum spread, and its this technological woke up first to provide peaceful communications to military. Reducing and noise of interference other. CDMA boost up ratio of signal-to-noise, because width of bandwidth which available to message. Energy Efficiency by lengthening energy live telephone battery One of the characteristic of CDMA is control power a effort to enlarge capacities call with constant maintaining of accepted energy level of caller peripatetic at base of station. facility of coordination entire / all frequency pass base base-station of station.
System of CDMA provide hand-off soft from one base-station to other as a peripatetic telephone roaming of cell to cell, conducting handoff soft remember all systems using is same frequency. function of Spread-Spectrum and of power-control enlarging capacities call CDMA resulting bandwidth which last for all kinds of data service of multimedia, and scheme of soft hand-off guarantee do not the loss of data.
Improving the quality of voice
Improve coverage characteristic able to degrade the amount of cell
Improving and privacy of security
Making moderate planning of systems
Needing lower remittance, so that time speak phone cell earn longer
Lessening interference at other systems
More hold up to multipart
Can be operated at the same time with other technology (for example AMPS)
Elementary difference of technology of GSM and of CDMA
Elementary difference of technology of CDMA is its modulation system. Modulation of CDMA representing combination of FDMA (Frequency of Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). At technology of FDMA, 1 frequency canal serve 1 circuit at one time, while at TDMA, 1 frequency canal wearied by some consumer by slot different time. At CDMA some consumer can serve when at the same time and is same frequency, where differentiation one other is on system of coding, so that usage its frequency spectrum of technology of CDMA very efficient.
Excess which on the market CDMA for example quality of data and voice, tariff or price which is cheaper, smaller investment, and security in communicating (do not easy to tapped). Technology of GSM with its GPRS is competed with content at CDMA because limitation will be wide of application and data of multimedia at technology of GSM.
